According to this answer,
[Some country names] are borrowed from other languages, like 브라질 (Brazil) is borrowed from the English variant of Brasil, or 독일 is borrowed from the Japanese name for Germany.
as an English speaker it's easy for me to recognize the names borrowed from English, but what other country names are borrowed from Japanese?
독일(獨逸) - Germany, from Japanese (ドイツ doitsu), ultimately from German Deutsch
화란(和蘭) - Netherlands, from Japanese (オランダ oranda), ultimately from Papiamento Hulanda
불란서(佛蘭西) - France, from Japanese (フランス furansu), ultimately from French France
노서아(露西亞) - Russia, from Japanese (ロシア roshia), ultimately from Russian Россия (Rossiya)
지나(支那) - China, from Japanese (シナ shina), ultimately from Sanskrit Cina
구라파(歐羅巴) - Europe, from Japanese (ヨーロッパ yōroppa), ultimately from Portuguese Europa
Note that everything except 독일 is considered old-fashioned and rarely used nowadays.
