Dictionary definitions

• 작업: 일정한 목적과 계획 아래 하는 일.
• 근무: 직장에 적을 두고 직무에 종사함.
• 사업: 어떤 일을 일정한 목적과 계획을 가지고 짜임새 있게 지속적으로 경영함. 또는 그 일.
• 영업: 영리를 목적으로 하는 사업. 또는 그런 행위.
• 업소: 사업을 벌이고 있는 장소.
• 기업: 영리_營利를 얻기 위하여 재화나 용역을 생산하고 판매하는 조직체.
• 회사: 상행위 또는 그 밖의 영리 행위를 목적으로 하는 사단 법인. 주식회사, 유한 회사, 합자 회사, 합명 회사의 네 가지가 있다.
• 업체: 사업이나 기업의 주체.
• 업계: 같은 산업이나 상업에 종사하는 사람들의 활동 분야.

My explanation

What you do

• 작업: a specific task done with a purpose and a plan, not necessarily physical, not necessarily moneymaking, possibly personal. → the verb’s “작업하다.”
  • “데이터 백업 작업” — “a data backup task”
  • “윈도우즈 작업 관리자” — “Windows task manager”
  • “수리 작업” — “repair work”
• 근무: working as an employee, not necessarily office work. → the verb’s “근무하다.”
  • “그분은 다른 회사에서 근무하십니다.” — “He’s working for another company.”
• 사업: a commercial operation; an operation that makes money; a business, nonprofit or not. → the verb’s “사업하다.”
  • “개인 사업자” — “an individual business conducted by a human being, that is not a legal person.”
• 영업: a business conducted primarily to make a profit, usually by selling stuff; selling stuff and making money for you to rake in. → the verb’s “영업하다.”
  • “영업 끝났습니다.” — “We’re closed.”
  • “정상 영업 합니다.” — “We’re open.”
  • “영업 비밀” — “trade secret”

Places and legal entities

• 업소: a specific place (not an area) where a business is actually performed; a place of business.

  • I ordered sandwiches today and got a can of Pepsi as well. It’s on my desk and it says “업소용_用” — “for commercial use,” or literally, “intended to be consumed at a place of business.” Pepsi sold to restaurants is cheaper than store-bought Pepsi.

• 기업: a company; an enterprise; a legal entity representing an association of people.

  • “공기업” — “a state-owned enterprise”
  • “기업용 소프트웨어” — “enterprise software”
  • “일인 기업” — “a one-person company”

• 회사: a corporation; similar to “기업,” except that it can also mean “an office.”

  • “유한 회사” — “a limited company”
  • “비가 오기 시작했는데 우산을 회사에 두고 왔네요.” — “It’s started raining and I left my umbrella at the office.”
  • “그분은 다른 회사에서 근무하십니다.” — “He’s working for another company.”

• 업체: a legally registered entity (not a human being and not necessarily a legal person) running a business, including a company and an individual business.

  • “식품 업체” — “Food company”

Others

• 업계: the trade; an industry; the people engaged in a particular area of business; a particular branch of commercial activity.
  • “철강 업계가 전에 없는 호경기를 누리고 있다.” — “The steel industry is booming like never before.”

Useful Hanja’s

• “업_業”: business; operation.
• “-체_體”: body; entity; organization.
• “-계_界”: field; branch.
• “-소_所”: place.