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In Korean, there is no single phrase that works for every meaning of English "for". 위해서 is like "for the good/sake of", and doesn't really work in the sense of "work for a company". "working for company XX" is typically expressed as "XX에 다녀요" or "XX 직원/사원이에요" (사원 if it's a corporation, 직원 more ...
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In general, when not a question sentence, -지 most often implies some kind of mutual understanding, an indication that something is either obvious or the other party is known or expected to agree with the sentence. Without any context, we can't ascertain the meaning in this sentence. It would help if you could edit your question to include some context if ...
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Kimexplainskorean gave a great answer. Just to add on to it, 이르다 is especially tricky because the conjugation actually differs depending on the used meaning, which is common in languages like English but (luckily!) very rare in Korean. In fact, 이르다 is the only commonly used one I can think of, maybe someone else here has more examples. When using 이르다 to mean ...
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이르다 is a special or tricky one! It has many meanings.
In this case, it means to “get to“, which is an adjective in Korean.
It belongs to the 러 irregular verb/adj NOT the 르 irregular verb/adj.(as you thought: 일러서는).
*러 irregular verbs/adjectives : 이르다, 노르다, 누르다, 푸르다
The function of 는 in that sentence is to show contrast! Comparing 신라시대 and 고려, 조선시대!
는’s ...
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귀가 번쩍 뜨이다 is an idiom meaning you are drawn to something. So, the farmer "opened his ears wide" because the bear offered him such a captivating chance and it made him pay attention to the offer and think it over.
-이며 in that case means doing some actions at the same time or while. The farmer started saying something while opening his big eyes. ...
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You are correct, it is simply a shortened form of 다는.
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