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A shibboleth is (according to Wikipedia)
a word or custom whose variations were used to differentiate members of ingroups from those of outgroups
The English Wikipedia also has a long list of examples, but neither there nor in the Korean one (which contains a Japanese example used against Koreans) or elsewhere could I find an example that was used by Koreans. Any pointers?
People from Gyeongsangdo can easily distinguish '2'(이) and 'e'(이), while people from other places cannot. Actually it was a big issue on the internet a few years ago!
So, for example, Gyeongsangdo people can distinguish the following four: 2^2, e^2, 2^e, e^e
But for other Koreans from other regions like me, everything is just "이(2, e)의 이(2, e)승." You can find many interesting videos by searching with the keyword "이의 이승"!
In answering this question on the difference between 에 and 애, I began to realize that the pronunciation of these two vowels is sometimes a shibboleth.
While I (and some Koreans even) cannot tell the audible difference between these two vowels, there are still Koreans (especially the elderly) who claim there is a distinct difference and that they can hear it.
